Computer History
Computer comes from the Latin, computare that the meaning count (to compute), because at the beginning of manufacture computers are designed and used for calculation purposes. The oldest count tool is Abacus (300 BCE). The first abacus made of stone or clay-shaped tablet that uses pebbles to calculate, shown in Figure 1.
In 1300 in China, Abacus is made of wood, is shown in Figure 2. The Abacus is the basis of today's modern abacus.
In the early 1600s found another count tool by John Napier. It is called Napier's Rods or Napier's Bones, shown in Figure 3. Napier's Rods or Napier's Bones is a tool that introduces count and decimal logarithms. This tool can help multiplication and division.
In 1924 Edmund Gunter found the line counter also called Gunter's Scale. The counter lines for the division and multiplication of numbers, Gunter's Scale two foot can be seen in Figure 4 (a) and Gunter's Scale one foot can be seen in Figure 4 (b).
In 1628 William Oughtred find Slide Rule, using two lines counter, shown in Figure 5.
In 1642, Blaise Pascal discovered Arithmatique Machine ( Pascaline ), is shown in Figure 6. This machine works mechanically, using the design of the wheel count. The number of each digit is set on wheels contained the figures.
In 1673, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz discovered Leibniz machines, machines multiplier up to 12 digits, can be seen in Figure 7.
In 1822, Charles Babbage of Cambridge University discovered the first mechanical computer. Whereas in 1832 Babbage produces automatic calculator called the Difference Engine, shown in Figure 8.
In 1833, Babbage designed the Analytical Engine that can perform operations and store the results of operations that can be used for the next operation, shown in Figure 9.
In 1834, George Boole find Algebra Boole (Boolean Algebra). Furthermore, in 1890, Dr. Herman hollerin of United State Census Cencus find a machine called Comptometer. Comptometer there are several models of one model of F shown in figure 10.
In 1896, Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company, which eventually became International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). In 1935, IBM introduced the IBM 601, shown in Figure 11.
In 1939 Dr. John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry of Iowa State University and his student Clifford E. Berry makes a computer named Atanasoff Berry Computer (ABC), is shown in Figure 12.
Furthermore, Thomas Flower build an electronic computer called Colossus, shown in Figure 13.
In 1941, a German engineer Konrad Zuse built a computer that is called the Z3 computer, can be seen in Figure 14.
In 1944 Howard Aiken of the University find MARK I, can be seen in Figure 15.
In 1946 John W. Mauckly and J. Presper Eckert designing the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator), shown in Figure 16.
In 1945, John von Neumann and a team from the University of Pennsylvania made the EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), can be seen in Figure 17.
In 1949, University of Cambridge make EDSAC (Electronic Delayed Storage Automatic Computer), can be seen in Figure 18.
Furthermore, the National Physical Laboratory makes ACE (Automatic Computer Engine), University of Manchester makes MADAM (Manchester Automatic Digital Machine), and the University of London make SEC (Simple Electronic Computer).
In 1951, John W. Mauckly and J. Presper of the University Pennsylvania made the UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I), the first computer-traded, can be seen in Figure 19.
In 1953, IBM came up with the IBM 701, can be seen in Figure 20. Then in 1954 also produced the IBM 650.
Figure 1. Abacus
Figure 2. Abacus of wood
In the early 1600s found another count tool by John Napier. It is called Napier's Rods or Napier's Bones, shown in Figure 3. Napier's Rods or Napier's Bones is a tool that introduces count and decimal logarithms. This tool can help multiplication and division.
Figure 3. Napier's Bones
In 1924 Edmund Gunter found the line counter also called Gunter's Scale. The counter lines for the division and multiplication of numbers, Gunter's Scale two foot can be seen in Figure 4 (a) and Gunter's Scale one foot can be seen in Figure 4 (b).
Figure 4 (a). Gunter's Scale two foot
Figure 4 (b). Gunter's Scale one foot
In 1628 William Oughtred find Slide Rule, using two lines counter, shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Slide Rule
In 1642, Blaise Pascal discovered Arithmatique Machine ( Pascaline ), is shown in Figure 6. This machine works mechanically, using the design of the wheel count. The number of each digit is set on wheels contained the figures.
Figure 6. Arithmatique Machine
In 1673, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz discovered Leibniz machines, machines multiplier up to 12 digits, can be seen in Figure 7.
Figure 7. Leibniz Machine
In 1822, Charles Babbage of Cambridge University discovered the first mechanical computer. Whereas in 1832 Babbage produces automatic calculator called the Difference Engine, shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8. Difference Engine
In 1833, Babbage designed the Analytical Engine that can perform operations and store the results of operations that can be used for the next operation, shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9. Analytical Engine
In 1834, George Boole find Algebra Boole (Boolean Algebra). Furthermore, in 1890, Dr. Herman hollerin of United State Census Cencus find a machine called Comptometer. Comptometer there are several models of one model of F shown in figure 10.
Figure 10. Comptometer
In 1896, Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company, which eventually became International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). In 1935, IBM introduced the IBM 601, shown in Figure 11.
Figure 11. IBM 601
In 1939 Dr. John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry of Iowa State University and his student Clifford E. Berry makes a computer named Atanasoff Berry Computer (ABC), is shown in Figure 12.
Figure 12. Atanasoff Berry Computer
Furthermore, Thomas Flower build an electronic computer called Colossus, shown in Figure 13.
Figure 13. Colussus
In 1941, a German engineer Konrad Zuse built a computer that is called the Z3 computer, can be seen in Figure 14.
Figure 14. Z3 Computer
In 1944 Howard Aiken of the University find MARK I, can be seen in Figure 15.
Figure 15. MARK I
In 1946 John W. Mauckly and J. Presper Eckert designing the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator), shown in Figure 16.
Figure 16. ENIAC
In 1945, John von Neumann and a team from the University of Pennsylvania made the EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), can be seen in Figure 17.
Figure 17. EDVAC Computer
In 1949, University of Cambridge make EDSAC (Electronic Delayed Storage Automatic Computer), can be seen in Figure 18.
Figure 18. EDSAC Computer
Furthermore, the National Physical Laboratory makes ACE (Automatic Computer Engine), University of Manchester makes MADAM (Manchester Automatic Digital Machine), and the University of London make SEC (Simple Electronic Computer).
In 1951, John W. Mauckly and J. Presper of the University Pennsylvania made the UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I), the first computer-traded, can be seen in Figure 19.
Figure 19. UNIVAC I Computer
In 1953, IBM came up with the IBM 701, can be seen in Figure 20. Then in 1954 also produced the IBM 650.
Figure 20. IBM 701
Similarly, a brief history of early computers, for a more detailed description on the electronic computer can be seen in the Generations of Computer article, to read please click Here.
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